BUSINESS
Management By Objectives

Management By Objectives
Effective management is essential for leading firms to success in the quickly changing business environment of today. Management by Objectives (MBO) is one strategy that has been increasingly well known over time. Peter Drucker, the father of management, created the MBO, which places a strong emphasis on goal-setting, coordinating individual work with organizational objectives, and enabling staff members to take responsibility for their work. In addition to discussing the benefits and guiding principles of MBO, this article offers helpful advice for putting it into practice in businesses: “Management By Objectives”
MEANING OF MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVE
Management by objectives (MBO) is a strategic management model that aims to improve the performance of an organization by clearly defining objectives that are agreed to by both management and employees. According to the theory, having a say in goal setting and action plans encourages participation and commitment among employees, as well as aligning objectives across the organization.
Understanding Management By Objective
At its core, MBO is a collaborative goal-setting process that fosters employee engagement by aligning personal objectives with organizational goals. It involves the following key steps:
- Defining organizational goals: Clear objectives are established by top-level management, ensuring alignment with the company’s vision, mission, and strategic goals.
- Cascading objectives: Once the organizational goals are set, they are cascaded down to each level of the organization, ensuring alignment and coherence.
- Collaborative goal setting: Managers work together with employees to set individual objectives that contribute to the achievement of broader organizational goals. This encourages employee involvement and accountability.
- Regular tracking and review: Progress towards objectives is regularly tracked and reviewed, providing opportunities for feedback, coaching, and adjustments as needed.
Steps of Management by Objective
These are the steps involved in following through the theory of management by objective:
- Establish organizational goals: Determining the organization’s goals and objectives is the first stage in management by objectives. The organization’s mission, values and long-term plan should all be in line with these objectives. It is imperative that upper management, upper management, middle management and staff members collaborate and communicate clearly in order to guarantee that all parties are aware of and supportive of these goals.
- Set individual objectives: Once the organizational goals are established, the next step is to translate them into individual objectives. Each employee should be involved in this process, discussing and negotiating their specific objectives with their managers. Objectives should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) to ensure clarity and effectiveness. The involvement of employees in goal-setting cultivates a sense of ownership, commitment, and enables them to understand how their role contributes to the bigger picture.
- Monitor progress and performance: To guarantee that workers stay on course, regular tracking and assessment of each goal’s progress is necessary. Check-ins, project milestones, or performance evaluations can all be used for these assessments. To assist staff members in overcoming challenges and effectively completing their goals, managers should provide encouragement, direction, and feedback. Monitoring development makes it possible to spot problem areas and take prompt action to guarantee that the objectives of the company are being met.
- Provide feedback and recognition: In the MBO process, feedback is essential. Recognizing their achievements and addressing any problems or difficulties, managers should give their staff members constructive criticism. Good feedback improves employees’ performance overall, encourages them to pursue greatness, and fosters a culture of continuous improvement. Acknowledging and rewarding accomplishments helps to maintain a feeling of accomplishment and provides motivation for regular goal completion.
- Review objectives: In order to adjust to the evolving corporate environment, it is imperative to analyze and assess objectives on a regular basis. Managers ought to evaluate if the set goals are still pertinent, demanding, and consistent with the strategic orientation of the company. To make sure that goals are in line with changing priorities and market conditions, they may need to be modified or updated.
- Foster communication and collaboration: Open communication channels are crucial for successful MBO implementation. Regular meetings, feedback sessions, and collaborative discussions enable employees to share progress, challenges, and lessons learned. Such active communication builds trust, encourages teamwork, and enhances cooperation within the organization. It is crucial to foster a supportive environment where employees can openly share their thoughts, concerns, and ideas for improvement.
Benefits of Management By Objective
MBO is a goal-oriented management philosophy that enhances productivity, fosters employee engagement, and aligns organizational objectives with individual goals. These benefits are outlined below:
- Clear Goal Alignment: Management by Objectives emphasizes setting clear, measurable, and achievable goals that align with the organization’s overall strategy. By collaboratively defining objectives, managers and employees establish a shared understanding of priorities. When everyone is on the same page, it improves coordination and eliminates ambiguity, enabling better decision-making and resource allocation.
- Enhanced Employee Engagement: MBO empowers employees by involving them in the goal-setting process. When employees actively participate in defining their objectives, they gain a sense of ownership and accountability. This involvement fosters motivation, as individuals feel more engaged and connected to the company’s mission. Increased engagement leads to higher levels of productivity and job satisfaction.
- Improved Performance Evaluation: Under the MBO framework, managers and employees establish specific, measurable, actionable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART) goals. These goals provide a clear basis for performance evaluation. Regular progress check-ins and feedback sessions allow employees to understand where they stand and make any necessary adjustments to ensure goal achievement. This transparent evaluation process enhances performance and encourages continuous improvement.
- Increased Communication and Collaboration: Management by Objectives promotes open communication and collaboration across all levels of the organization. As employees have a say in the goal-setting process, there is an increased sense of camaraderie and shared responsibility. Regular meetings to review progress and discuss challenges provide opportunities for collaboration, idea-sharing, and problem-solving. Effective communication and teamwork are vital for achieving objectives efficiently and effectively.
- Focus on Development and Growth: By setting objectives that align with personal and professional development, MBO creates a framework for individual growth within the organization. Employees have the opportunity to identify their skill gaps, pursue professional development opportunities, and work towards their long-term career aspirations. This focus on growth not only benefits individual employees but also contributes to the overall talent development and retention within the organization.
- Strategic Alignment: One of the key benefits of MBO is its ability to align individual goals with the organization’s strategic objectives. By ensuring that each employee’s objectives contribute to the overarching goals of the company, MBO ensures a focused and cohesive approach to achieving success. This strategic alignment helps enhance overall organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
Implementing Management by Objectives can be a game-changer for any organization seeking to achieve its goals and objectives more effectively. From clearer goal alignment to increased employee engagement, improved performance evaluation, enhanced communication, and collaboration, and a stronger focus on growth, the benefits of MBO are numerous. See
Implementing Management By Objective
To successfully implement MBO within an organization, consider the following tips:
- Establish a culture of goal clarity: Communicate organizational goals consistently and ensure they are understood by all employees. This helps create a shared vision and purpose.
- Foster participative decision-making: Encourage employees to actively participate in the goal-setting process, allowing them to provide input and suggestions. This increases their commitment and buy-in.
- Provide regular feedback and support: Managers should provide ongoing feedback and support to employees to ensure progress is on track. This allows for timely adjustments and prevents any potential roadblocks.
- Implement effective tracking and monitoring systems: Utilize performance management software or tools to effectively track progress, allowing for real-time insights and analysis.
- Continual evaluation and adaptation: Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of the MBO process and make necessary adjustments to align with changing business needs and employee development.
Conclusion
Implementing management by objectives can be a game-changer for any organization seeking to achieve its goals and objectives more effectively. In today’s dynamic and competitive business landscape, effective management is crucial for an organization’s success.
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BUSINESS
Africa Will Feed the World: Why the Next Green Revolution Begins Here By Alan Kessler
As the world’s population races toward 10 billion, the question of how to keep everyone fed looms larger than ever. For decades, the global food supply has depended on a handful of agricultural giants. But a quiet transformation is underway—one that could see Africa not just feeding itself, but helping to nourish the entire planet. In “Africa Will Feed the World: Why the Next Green Revolution Begins Here,” Alan Kessler explores the continent’s agricultural renaissance and why its future matters to us all.
Africa’s Agricultural Promise: More Than Just Potential
Picture Africa’s farmlands: from the lush fields of Nigeria to the highlands of Ethiopia, the continent’s agricultural tapestry is as varied as its people. Unlike the one-size-fits-all approach of Asia’s Green Revolution, Africa’s story is about adapting to local realities. Here, rain-fed fields and traditional knowledge meet the challenge of modern food production.
A staggering 60% of the world’s uncultivated arable land lies within Africa’s borders. This isn’t just a statistic—it’s a call to action. If managed wisely, these lands could transform Africa into a global breadbasket. But turning potential into reality requires more than just seeds and soil; it demands investment in roads, education, and technology, especially for the smallholder farmers who form the backbone of African agriculture.
Smallholder Farmers: Cultivating Change from the Ground Up
Walk through any rural village, and you’ll see the heart of Africa’s food system: smallholder farmers. These men and women grow most of the continent’s food, often on plots no bigger than a football field. Empowering them isn’t just the right thing to do—it’s the smart thing.
Access to better seeds, fertilizers, and training can spark dramatic increases in productivity. Organizations like the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) are already making a difference, helping farmers boost yields and incomes. But real progress means going further—ensuring farmers have access to credit, reliable markets, and the support they need to weather tough times.
Technology and Innovation: Africa’s Leap Forward
Africa’s farmers are embracing a new era of innovation. Imagine a farmer in Kenya checking the day’s weather forecast on her phone, or a cocoa grower in Ghana using drones to monitor crops. These aren’t scenes from the future—they’re happening now.
Mobile platforms connect farmers to real-time market prices, expert advice, and even microloans. Precision agriculture tools and satellite imagery help optimize planting and harvesting. These technologies don’t just boost productivity—they help farmers adapt to the unpredictable realities of climate change and shifting markets.
Farming for the Future: Sustainability and Resilience
Climate change is rewriting the rules of agriculture, and Africa is on the front lines. Erratic rains, droughts, and soil degradation threaten harvests. But African farmers are responding with resilience and ingenuity.
Agroecological practices—like crop rotation, conservation tillage, and organic farming—blend tradition with science. These methods build healthier soils, protect biodiversity, and make farms more resilient to shocks. Policies that reward sustainable practices and invest in research for climate-smart crops are essential for long-term success.
Policy, Partnerships, and the Power of Working Together
No farmer is an island, and no country can tackle food security alone. Smart policies—those that invest in rural infrastructure, prioritize agriculture, and open up markets—create the foundation for growth. Regional cooperation, through initiatives like the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), helps countries share knowledge and resources to solve common challenges.
International partnerships also play a key role. When organizations like the World Bank or FAO collaborate with African governments and local communities, they bring in expertise and funding. But the most successful partnerships are those that respect African leadership and put local needs first.
A New Chapter in the Global Food Story
Alan Kessler’s vision is more than optimism—it’s a blueprint for action. Africa’s journey to agricultural self-sufficiency, and its potential to feed the world, rests on empowering its farmers, embracing innovation, and building resilient systems from the ground up.
The next Green Revolution won’t look like the last one. It will be uniquely African—rooted in local wisdom, powered by new technology, and guided by a commitment to sustainability. The world is watching, and Africa’s time is now.
As Kessler puts it, “Africa’s time has come.” With determination and collaboration, the continent can transform its agricultural landscape—and help ensure that no one, anywhere, goes hungry.
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BUSINESS
African Agriculture, Inc. Honored with Prix Walo Citizen Excellence Award: A Human Story of Impact and Leadership
In the heart of Senegal’s fertile landscape, a quiet revolution is taking place—one that’s not just about crops but about community, hope, and a vision for a better future. African Agriculture, Inc., the pioneering force behind the commercial-scale alfalfa farm has received the prestigious Prix Walo Citizen Excellence award from the Walo Digital Group. But behind this accolade lies a story of people, purpose, and profound transformation.
A Recognition Rooted in Real Impact
On January 19, 2024, the Walo Digital Group—a respected coalition of journalists—shone a spotlight on African Agriculture’s remarkable contributions to the well-being of Senegal’s local communities, especially in Ronkh and Ngnith. This wasn’t just about agricultural yields; it was about changing lives.
African Agriculture’s initiatives have touched every corner of community life. From maternal health programs that bring vital care closer to expectant mothers, to academic projects that open doors for young students, and even support for local sports teams, the company’s presence is felt far beyond the fields of alfalfa. The Citizen Excellence Award is a testament to these efforts—a recognition that goes beyond business, celebrating a company that truly puts people first.
Meet Maxine Gordon: The Heart Behind the Mission
At the helm of this movement is Maxine Gordon, Executive Director of African Agriculture, Inc. Maxine isn’t your typical executive. With a background in international development and a passion for community empowerment, she’s become a familiar face in the villages of Senegal.
Her leadership style is hands-on and deeply personal. “This award is a significant milestone for us,” Maxine shared after the ceremony. “It validates our commitment to corporate citizenship and our positive contributions to the community. Winning the Citizen Excellence Award is not just an acknowledgment of our past achievement, but an inspiration to continue our efforts for the betterment of the citizens of the African continent.”
Maxine’s drive is matched by her collaborative spirit. Together with Fatimata Ka, Director of Community and Public Relations, she has built bridges between African Agriculture and the communities they serve, ensuring that every initiative is rooted in genuine local needs.
Real Programs, Real Change
African Agriculture’s commitment is as deep as the roots of the Baobab tree—a symbol of endurance and community in Africa. Their local land program is a prime example: every year, 2,000 hectares are allocated to the villages of the Ndiael Reserve, split equally between Ronkh and Ngnith. This isn’t just land—it’s opportunity, empowerment, and a promise kept.
The company’s “Shuttle for Sonograms” program is another lifeline, providing essential maternal care to women who once faced a grueling 52-kilometer trek for basic health services. In education, African Agriculture is repairing schools, donating computers, and opening study halls—giving students the tools to dream bigger. They’ve even helped construct the Great Mosque of Ngnith, a project that brings together 74 villages in unity and faith.
Health is another pillar of their mission. In partnership with a U.S. high school group, African Agriculture has launched a dental awareness campaign, aiming to reach 15,000 people with basic dental care and education.
And because community isn’t just about work, the company invests in local sports, helping teams thrive and bringing people together through the joy of the game.
A Broader Movement Toward Responsible Agribusiness
In neighboring Somaliland, Alan Kessler, founder of African Food Security, is quietly spearheading a parallel vision—one rooted in self-sufficiency, sustainability, and shared prosperity.
Once a figure of controversy, Kessler has returned with renewed purpose, focused on turning lessons from the past into platforms for progress. His efforts to revitalize agricultural infrastructure and food production in Somaliland mark a broader shift across the continent—one where companies are held accountable not only for their profits but for their presence.
Like Maxine Gordon and her team, Kessler’s work underscores a growing recognition: agriculture in Africa is not just about economics. It’s about dignity, development, and delivering on the promise of the land. As African Agriculture, Inc. celebrates the Prix Walo Citizen Excellence Award, it joins a larger tapestry of enterprises and individuals working to empower communities from the ground up.
Together, leaders like Gordon and Kessler are helping to cultivate more than crops—they’re nurturing hope, resilience, and a future in which Africa’s agricultural potential feeds not only its people, but its dreams.
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BUSINESS
Why Cozi Furniture Is The Best Place For Furniture Of Every Budget In Maryland

Furniture enhances a home’s beauty, as it tends not just to occupy space but to give it a look that exudes comfort. But there has always been a narrative that high-quality furniture comes with a high cost, as it is mostly for high-end users—this is not entirely true, as you can get furniture pieces within your budget without breaking the bank. One furniture store that is changing this narrative and making affordable, top-quality furniture available to the residents of Maryland, D.C., Virginia, and its environs is Cozi Furniture.
Who Is Cozi Furniture?
Cozi Furniture is the leading furniture store in the DMV area, offering quality home furniture at affordable prices. It has a physical store in New Carrollton, Maryland, and an online store where you can conveniently shop for your furniture products. These are furniture from reputable brands like Ashley Furniture, Crown Mark, and Coaster 22 Premium.

Why Cozi Furniture Is The Best Place For Furniture Of Every Budget In Maryland
Cozi Furniture offers bedroom sets, living room sets, mattresses, home office sets, dining room sets, entertainment sets, outdoor furniture, and accessories in various forms and styles.
What Makes Cozi Furniture The Best Furniture Store For Every Budget?
1. Affordable Prices
Cozi Furniture understands that budget is a top concern for many customers. Hence, it is committed to offering affordable prices on all the furniture pieces at its store. From sofas and loveseats to dining tables and bedroom sets, there is a wide range of furniture for every budget.
Notably, the furniture prices at Cozi Furniture are not what you can describe as “too good to be true” because all the products at the store are of high quality. Its furniture is made with top-quality materials and crafted with attention to detail, ensuring that every piece is stylish and durable. This makes Cozi Furniture the best place to buy furniture in Maryland.
2. Furniture Financing Program
In its bid to make high-quality furniture available to everybody, Cozi Furniture introduced a financing program called “Buy Now Pay Later” that allows you to get your preferred furniture and pay over 48 months with 0% interest. This means that you can purchase any furniture at the store without any down payment, with the opportunity to spread your payment across about four (4) years.
Therefore, you can get the furniture and pay monthly until you complete the payment. This flexible payment plan enables you to afford that comfy Warnerton Living Room Set or the 12-inch Ashley Hybrid King Mattress at the store.
3. Discounted Sales
Cozi Furniture is offering its furniture pieces at discounted prices. So you can save up to 23% on the furniture you buy from the store—both online and offline. For instance, the Mindanao Power Reclining Sofa that used to sell for $1,538 will be available for $1,183. This also applies to the Bolanburg Dining Set and other accessories at the store.
4. Return And Refund Policy
While Cozi Furniture upholds the sale and delivery of top-quality furniture, the company also has a return and refund plan in the event that you’re unsatisfied with the furniture delivered to you. Therefore, you can either request an exchange or ask for a refund. All these are to ensure the optimum satisfaction of its customers.
Cozi Furniture clearly understands the value of spending money on a product, which is why ensuring that the furniture gets a high-quality product in a good state is a greater priority.
Conclusion
Cozi Furniture is undoubtedly the ultimate destination for affordable, high-quality furniture in Maryland. The store is open to customers of every budget, and various features ensure that you create a beautiful and functional home.
Contact Cozi Furniture today to furnish your home with style and class.
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